What key concept is associated with conflict theory?

The key concept associated with conflict theory is indeed centered around power and inequality in society. Conflict theory, which is primarily attributed to the work of Karl Marx, posits that society is in a state of perpetual conflict due to competition for limited resources. According to this perspective, the structure of society is shaped by the power dynamics between different groups, where those in power (the bourgeoisie) strive to maintain their dominance over those with less power (the proletariat). This theory emphasizes how social institutions and relationships are defined by the struggle for resources and the disparity in wealth and influence, which ultimately leads to social change through conflict.

Understanding this concept is crucial in examining various social issues, such as class stratification, race relations, and gender inequality. It highlights how socioeconomic factors influence individuals' access to resources and opportunities, thereby affecting their life chances and shaping societal structures. This focus on power dynamics distinguishes conflict theory from other sociological perspectives, such as functionalism or symbolic interactionism, which explore society through different lenses.