What function of deviance can lead to social change?

The function of deviance that can lead to social change is the clarification of social norms. When deviant behavior occurs, it often challenges existing norms and values within a society. This challenge can prompt individuals and communities to reevaluate what is considered acceptable or unacceptable behavior, leading to discussions and, eventually, shifts in societal norms. For example, movements advocating for civil rights or LGBTQ+ rights initially faced significant resistance and were seen as deviant by the prevailing standards. Over time, as these movements gained traction and acceptance, they clarified and reshaped social norms regarding equality and inclusivity.

Reinforcement of legal penalties primarily serves to maintain the status quo rather than encourage change. Promotion of stigmatization can lead to social division and marginalization of individuals rather than constructive change. Encouragement of conformity focuses on maintaining existing norms instead of fostering the evolution of those norms. Therefore, the clarification of social norms through the lens of deviance is a critical mechanism by which societies can evolve and adapt to new ideas and values.