What does structural functionalism focus on?

Structural functionalism is a sociological perspective that emphasizes the interconnectedness of different parts of society and how each component functions to support the stability and functionality of the whole system. It views society as a complex entity composed of various elements such as institutions, norms, and values, each playing a significant role in maintaining social order and equilibrium.

The focus is on understanding how aspects like family, education, religion, and the economy contribute to the functioning of society. For example, family structures provide emotional support, educational institutions transmit knowledge and culture, while economic systems organize production and distribution of goods. This perspective is primarily concerned with the positive contributions that each part makes to the larger societal structure, rather than conflict or change.

In contrast, other options discuss different sociological theories. The first option involves conflict theory, which highlights tensions between various social classes. The third option touches on symbolic interactionism, which is centered on how individuals construct meaning through interactions. The last option pertains to evolutionary sociology, which considers how societies change and develop over time. Thus, the distinct focus of structural functionalism on societal functions to meet collective needs is what makes it the correct choice here.