What are the stages of a social movement?

The stages of a social movement are accurately captured by the sequence of emergence, coalescence, institutionalization, and decline. This model provides a framework for understanding how social movements develop over time.

Initially, in the emergence stage, social movements begin with widespread discontent or awareness of a social issue that motivates individuals to take action. This can involve people sharing ideas and forming an initial consciousness around the cause but without a formal organization or structure.

Next is the coalescence stage, where the movement gathers strength and structure. Activists come together to define their goals more clearly, strategize, and mobilize resources. At this point, they may establish leadership, recruit members, and organize protests or awareness campaigns. This is crucial for the movement to gain momentum and visibility.

The third stage, institutionalization, occurs when the movement becomes more formal and established. It may develop into a recognized organization, possibly gaining legal status or institutional support. During this phase, the movement works within the established systems to achieve long-term goals, often resulting in a more bureaucratic structure.

Finally, the decline stage refers to the potential waning of the movement. This can happen for several reasons, such as achieving its goals, losing momentum, facing repression, or internal conflicts