How is "deviance" defined in sociology?

Deviance in sociology is defined as behaviors, actions, or conditions that violate societal norms, which are the established standards of behavior that are considered acceptable within a given culture or society. This concept recognizes that what is deemed "normal" can vary significantly between different societies and even within subcultures. By identifying deviance, sociologists can explore how these behaviors impact social order, group dynamics, and the enforcement of norms.

Understanding deviance involves recognizing that it is not simply about legality or social acceptance; rather, it is about the divergence from expected behavior. Sociologists examine how these deviations challenge societal rules and how communities respond to them, contributing to the overall understanding of social structure and function.

In contrast, actions that adhere to social norms or comply with legal standards do not fit within the definition of deviance, as they reflect accepted values and expectations. Similarly, behaviors that are socially accepted would not be classified as deviant since they align with the collective understanding of what is appropriate within that society.